St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican is one of the most famous buildings in the world, visited by millions every year, often to listen Words of Pope Francis And also in the square in front of the basilica. It is the first church of the Roman Catholic Church. Its dimensions are also impressive, as it can accommodate 60,000 people. Tradition says that the huge building was built over the tomb of Saint Peter. Its internal length is 211.5 metres, and its height is 132.5 metres. Its floor area is about 150 square metres. Thus, the famous Vatican building can claim the title of the church with the largest interior space in the world.
Construction of the current church began in the 16th century on the site of the ancient Romanesque Cathedral of St. Peter. Interestingly, many great artists of that time participated in the design, for example, the dome was designed by the world-famous Michelangelo. However, the final design of the church was not carried out according to Michelangelo's plans, and the building ended up not having a Greek plan but a Latin one, which we can still admire today.
The square was built later, and an important aspect was that the Pope was clearly visible from all parts of the site. The arena was built to hold 100,000 people anyway.
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However, today the Vatican area was a popular location in Rome, with the luxurious palaces of the nobility lined here. Furthermore, Caligula also had a stone circus built here, where gladiator fights were held, and it was also one of the sad sites of Christian persecution. According to tradition, Saint Peter also died here, and his grave is located here as well. So the remains of this stone circus can be found under the Vatican Cathedral.
Furthermore, there was an obelisk in the circus that came from Egypt in the first century, and can be seen today standing in the square in front of the basilica.
Here is an interesting little chronicle of how St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican was built, and how the building has evolved over the centuries:
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(source: Wikipedia, Vatican City Tours)
